Mr. X is a 33 year-old Hispanic male (Spanish speaking only) who presented to the ED with a compliant of muscle aches and just not feeling good. He is a construction worker and has been working outside in 100-105 f degree weather for the last 3 days. His past medical and surgical history is negative. His mom has diabetes and his father has hypertension. He does not take any prescription medications and denies any over the counter medications, herbal products or supplements. He has been experiencing an increased thirst and has noticed a decrease in his urine output. His urine has been tea color. Temperature is 98.6, heart rate 105, respiratory rate is 16, and BP is 110/70 mmHg, lying down and 90/60 mmHg standing. On exam he appears tired, has dry mucous membranes, and has generalized muscle tenderness. Otherwise his exam is normal. Lab values: Sodium: 150 meq/L Potassium: 5.5 meq/L Creatinine 2.5 meq/L BUN 70 mg/dl Osmolality 302 mOms/kg Hematocrit 54% Hemoglobin: 18 g/dL The clinical scenario is most consistent with which diagnosis? What data in the clinical scenario supports your diagnosis? What risk factor (s) led to this person’s diagnosis?
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Get Help Now!4. Describe the key pathophysiologic concepts of the diagnosis in question 1.
To answer this question completely, you must answer all of the sub questions below using complete sentences. Each sub-question may be answered in 1-6 sentences
a. What is the tonicity of this patient’s intravascular space?
b. How has osmotic pressure been altered by this patient’s condition?
c. what are the functions of aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone and natriuretic hormones in fluid balance?
d.How has the secretion of aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone and natriuretic hormones been altered by this pathophysiology.
e. How is hydrostatic pressure altered when blood pressure is low?
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