Question 1 [17 marks] Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In this question, you will examine deaths from cancer in Australia and Saudi Arabia in 2012. The cancer deaths for both countries exclude non-melanoma skin cancers. 1. Tables 1 and 2 give the number of deaths due to cancer in Australia in 2012 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and the estimated population by age group for each year. Use this information to answer the following questions. Table 1: Crude and age-specific death rates due to cancer, Australia, 2012 Age group (years) Deaths Total Population Death rate per 100,000 population 0-14 83 4,293,707 ? 15-39 618 7,986,708 ? 40-44 486 1,573,829 ? 45-49 1,017 1,574,299 ? 50-54 1,775 1,541,187 ? 55-59 2,687 1,429,322 ? 60-64 4,090 1,304,820 ? 65-69 5,174 1,130,258 ? 70-74 5,717 871,194 ? 75+ 21,756 1,436,087 ? TOTAL (all ages)* ? ? ? Table 2: Crude and age-specific death rates due to cancer, Saudi Arabia, 2012 Age group (years) Deaths Total Population Death rate per 100,000 population 0-14 543 8,134,561 ? 15-39 932 13,600,843 ? 40-44 426 2,261,777 ? 45-49 540 1,709,816 ? 50-54 774 1,200,372 ? 55-59 1,084 812,708 ? 60-64 1,089 505,266 ? 65-69 1,102 328,827 ? 70-74 880 239,961 ? 75+ 1,764 292,226 ? TOTAL (all ages)* ? ? ? a) Calculate the crude death rates for Australia and Saudi Arabia. Interpret the rates. [2 marks] b) Calculate the age-specific death rates to complete Tables 1 and 2. Give an example of your working. [2 marks] c) Graph the age-specific death rates for Australia and Saudi Arabia using an appropriate graph. Comment on the graph. [2 marks] d) Use the data in Table 1 (including the information you have added) and your graph from c) to describe the main features of cancer deaths in Australia in 2012. Include relevant data from the completed table and graph to illustrate the points you make. [3 marks] 2. Use the information contained in Tables 1, 2 and 3 (below) to answer the following questions. a) Calculate the directly age-standardised death rate from cancer for Australia and Saudi Arabia using the World Standard Population, given in Table 3. In your answer, show your working. (Hint: Use the age-specific death rates from Australia and Saudi Arabia to obtain the expected number of deaths in the World Standard Population.) [5 marks] b) Briefly discuss the difference between the crud.
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