Researchers can isolate a sample of cells, such as skin fibroblasts, and grow them in the laboratory. This procedure is called a cell culture. A cell culture can be exposed to a sample of DNA. If the cells are treated with agents that make their membranes permeable to DNA, the cells may take up the DNA and incorporate the DNA into their chromosomes. This process is called transformation or transfection. Scientists have transformed human skin fibroblasts with methylated DNA and then allowed the fibroblasts to divide for several cellular generations. The DNA in the daughter cells was then isolated, and the segment that corresponded to the transformed DNA was examined. This DNA segment in the daughter cells was also found to be methylated. However, if the original skin fibroblasts were transformed with unmethylated DNA, the DNA found in the daughter cells was also unmethylated. With regard to the transformed DNA, do fibroblasts perform de novo methyla¬tion, maintenance methylation, or both? Explain your answer.
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