Describe the key principles, guidelines, and regulations governing research with human subjects and relate them to the Tuskegee experiment and the Guatemalan syphilis study.
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The US government had done infectious disease research on human subjects by intentionally infecting subjects with the disease causing pathogens causing syphilis and gonorrhea. The US government used one method of studying infectious disease by intentionally infecting subjects with the disease causing pathogens. Because prisoners are monitored constantly, they are often used for the study. There are two studies that does this: infection of prisoners with gonorrhea at the US Penitenitiary at Terra Haute in 1943 and with syphilis at Sing Sing Correctional Facility in 1953. These studies violated the basic standards of ethical research.
Before World War II, there were no specific codes of ethics, laws, or regulations governing the conduct of human subjects research. In 1949, the Nuremberg Code was developed in response to the medical experiments from the Nazi doctor’s trial in which it outlined ten principles for ethical research, including the importance of voluntary consent of research subjects. In 1964, the Declaration of Helsinki was issued by the World Medical Association as a guide for physicians conducting research. In 1966, the Public Health Service issued a policy requiring informed consent. In response to the abuses in the Tuskegee study , the US …
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